For example, in a barium enema, where zones of inconstant segmental contractions of the colon may be confused with organic constrictions or anatomic variations due to mucosal or intramural tumours, or a metal surgical clip that obscures an anatomical structure. The artefact seen depends on the procedure. Artefacts in electronic readout devices (e.g., EEG, EKG, and EMG) may be due to loose leads or electrical contacts.Īn electrical impulse of noncardiac origin which is recorded as a vertical spike on an EKG or other ECG monitor (e.g., a pacemaker pulse) electrical signals from muscle contractions, or myopotentials, are called muscle artefacts.Īny change in tissue that occurs during tissue processing which may alter a tissue’s appearance and possibly the diagnosis. (2) The distortion of a substance or signal which interferes with or obscures the interpretation of a study, or a structure that is not representative of a specimen’s in vivo state, or which does not reflect the original sample, but rather is the result of an isolation procedure, its handling or other factors. artefact (1) A structure not normally present, but produced by some external action something artificial. Finally, a step-wise procedure for researching and logging CuFAs is devised to accompany the model.The American Heritage® Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2007, 2004 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Additionally, we suggest some improvements on its integration into our model and identify higher-level location categories to illustrate tracing an object from creation through investigative leads. We use the Cyber Observable eXpression (CybOX) project due to its rising popularity and rigorous classifications of forensic objects.
An ontological model encapsulates these required fields while utilizing a lower-level taxonomic schema.
Thus, we propose using a new term – curated forensic artifact (CuFA) – to address items which have been cleared for entry into a CuFA database (one implementation, the Artifact Genome Project, abbreviated as AGP, is under development and briefly outlined). This definition includes required fields that all artifacts must have and encompasses the notion of curation. In this paper we propose a new definition based on a survey we conducted, literature usage, prior definitions of the word itself, and similarities with archival science. The term “artifact” currently does not have a formal definition within the domain of cyber/digital forensics, resulting in a lack of standardized reporting, linguistic understanding between professionals, and efficiency.
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